Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

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Introduction

Azure Cosmos DB is a database service provided by Microsoft's Azure a popular cloud computing platform and is globally distributed. It is a multi-model database service used by corporates and big tech companies to develop modern web and mobile-based applications. It is well-known and supports the document-based structure for storing data.

Functionally the Azure Cosmos DB stores the items in the form of containers. 

Containers

Containers are nothing but those which are grouped in databases, which are analogous to the namespaces above containers. 

Containers are schema-agnostic, which means that no schema is enforced while adding items.

Performance and Indexes

This database provides great performance in real time because every field in each item is indexed by default without writing or making changes to the schema.

There are two types of indexes offered by Cosmos DB. They are:
1) Range
2) Spatial

Range:
Supports range with ORDER BY queries.

Spatial:
Supports spatial queries from points, polygons, line strings, and Geo JSON fragments.

Global distribution

Cosmos databases provided by Microsoft azure are distributed databases and can be configured to be available in any of the Microsoft Azure regions, this will enable developers to configure the application's data closer to where their end users are. Each container's data gets transparently replicated across all configured regions.

Features

Globally distributed
Scalability
Schema and indexing
Multi-model
High availability and performance
Low latency

Usecases

Cosmos databases are used mainly for the below use cases based on their features to provide their service.

IOT

Retail

Marketing

Gaming

Web applications

Mobile based apps

For more information https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/introduction